When photons are scattered from an atom or molecule (pit stop - what do mean by scattering - informally, the collision of a wave with a material object results in "scattering" of the wave) most photons are scattered such that they retain their "energy" (frequency and wavelength) which is known as Rayleigh or elastic scattering. Raman scattering is inelastic scattering (whereby the photon is re-emitted from the medium with lower energy). It is the science behind the technique known as Raman spectroscopy and enabled Raman to win the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics.
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